Environmental Monitoring System for Rescue Operations in Artesian Wells

Artesian wells are an important source of water in many parts of the world, but they be-come serious hazards when abandoned and unsealed, putting children at particular risk due to their small diameter and great depth. In the event of an accident, traditional rescue operations are slow and expose victims to environmental hazards that require real-time monitoring. Existing monitoring systems generally offer incomplete sensor coverage or lack field val-idation. This work addresses these limitations by developing a compact and modular de-vice for real-time monitoring of temperature, humidity, air quality, oxygen concentration, and distance during artesian well rescue operations. The system integrates sensors such as the DHT20, MQ-135, SGX-4OX-ROHS, and HC-SR04 into a single solution. Laboratory tests confirmed the thermo-hygrometric stability of the DHT20 and the dis-tance-measurement accuracy of the HC-SR04. The scientific literature supports the suita-bility of the MQ-135 and SGX-4OX-ROHS sensors and, consequently, the proposed ar-chitecture appears suitable for preliminary laboratory validation in a simulated artesian well environment.