Defining the Performance Benefits of Hydrofoil-Supported Crafts Over Planing Hulls in Waves

Hydrofoil-supported craft offer potential advantages over conventional planing hulls, including improved seakeeping and reduced energy demand. This study presents results from a numerical model capable of assessing the benefits of hydrofoil adoption under a range of sea state conditions. The model is derived from a combination of mid and high-fidelity simulation methods. This hybrid approach balances physical accuracy with computational efficiency, ensuring the achievement of real-time simulation targets. The framework allows for simulation of both planing and hydrofoil-supported configurations, incorporating a sliding mode controller for hydrofoil angle actuation to ensure stability. Performance was assessed through metrics such as vertical acceleration, which provides a direct link to seakeeping quality and passenger comfort. Results show that hydrofoil operation consistently reduces vertical accelerations and improves comfort across a wide range of wave conditions. Additionally, estimates of propulsion power requirements demonstrate reduced fuel consumption and associated carbon emissions when hydrofoils are engaged. The findings provide a quantitative basis for evaluating hydrofoil performance relative to planing crafts in waves and demonstrate the value of real-time numerical tools for design and control development.