A Battery Degradation Model for Cost-Optimized PV-BESS Design in Telecom Base Stations

Telecom base stations increasingly rely on solar power and battery storage to achieve sustainable, cost-effective energy solutions, but battery degradation poses a significant challenge to system reliability and longevity. This paper introduces an innovative optimization framework that accounts for lithium-ion battery aging, modeling both calendar and cycle degradation with a novel segment-based approach. Designed for seamless integration into cost-effective energy planning, the framework optimizes photovoltaic (PV) panel and battery sizing to minimize costs and extend system lifespan. Validated using real-world base station power consumption data, our approach outperforms traditional rainflow-based aging models, reducing battery cycle wear by up to 65.5% compared to aging-unaware methods and by an additional 10% over rainflow-based methods. By enabling real-time battery health tracking, it supports dynamic energy management, offering a practical solution for sustainable telecom networks.