In the context of the clean transport sector, there has been growing interest in the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines due to its potential to nearly eliminate all engine-out criteria pollutants, while maintaining high thermal efficiency through the use of a lean combustion process. In direct injection configurations, mixing process is significantly influenced by hydrogen jet dynamics. First, a comprehensive experimental campaign was conducted in a constant volume vessel to assess the performance of a hydrogen injector using the Schlieren technique. The jet behavior was analyzed by varying injector recess, injection pressure, and back pressure. Subsequently, the case study was replicated in a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) environment, addressing the complexities associated with modeling under-expanded jets. The model was first validated against experimental data, both in terms of jet morphology and through three geometric indices. Then, a simplified simulation approach was developed to significantly reduce computational effort while maintaining the reliability of the results. Among the analyzed parameters, injector recess was found to have the greatest influence on the jet shape and its evolution inside the chamber.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Direct Injection Process for Hydrogen-Fuelled Internal Combustion Engines / Pucillo, Francesco; Piano, Andrea; Millo, Federico; Giordana, Sergio; Rapetto, Nicola; Vargiu, Luca. - In: SAE TECHNICAL PAPER. - ISSN 0148-7191. - 1:(2025). (Intervento presentato al convegno Stuttgart International Symposium on Automotive and Engine Technology tenutosi a Stoccarda (DE)) [10.4271/2025-01-0307].
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Direct Injection Process for Hydrogen-Fuelled Internal Combustion Engines
Pucillo, Francesco;Piano, Andrea;Millo, Federico;
2025
Abstract
In the context of the clean transport sector, there has been growing interest in the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines due to its potential to nearly eliminate all engine-out criteria pollutants, while maintaining high thermal efficiency through the use of a lean combustion process. In direct injection configurations, mixing process is significantly influenced by hydrogen jet dynamics. First, a comprehensive experimental campaign was conducted in a constant volume vessel to assess the performance of a hydrogen injector using the Schlieren technique. The jet behavior was analyzed by varying injector recess, injection pressure, and back pressure. Subsequently, the case study was replicated in a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) environment, addressing the complexities associated with modeling under-expanded jets. The model was first validated against experimental data, both in terms of jet morphology and through three geometric indices. Then, a simplified simulation approach was developed to significantly reduce computational effort while maintaining the reliability of the results. Among the analyzed parameters, injector recess was found to have the greatest influence on the jet shape and its evolution inside the chamber.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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https://hdl.handle.net/11583/3001556
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