Curing simulation of composites through 1D multi-field finite element models

Multi-field simulation is an approach for evaluating the effects of process parameters on the final performance of composites. This study proposes a detailed analysis of the process in terms of temperature, degree of cure, and part deformation during processing. Using a one-dimensional multi-field simulation based on the Carrera Unified Formulation with the finite element method, it is possible to accurately predict the temperature and degree of cure during curing. An advanced one-dimensional model derived from the Carrera Unified Formulation is also used for an accurate evaluation of process-induced residual stresses. This paper presents numerical results that highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach in predicting the behavior of a simple flat composite part. Accurate prediction of gradients occurring in part thickness during curing and the influence of changes in material properties on residual stresses are evaluated. In addition, the adopted model makes it possible to assess the variation in final performance when the part is not heated homogeneously.