Temperature profile reconstruction during tumor laser ablation using percutaneous all-fiber smart applicators

The paper discusses all-fiber applicators for the percutaneous laser ablation of tumors, which integrate very dense fiber Bragg grating arrays to add quasi-distributed sensing capabilities. First an assessment of the temperature map distribution reconstruction from the measurements is presented and the impact of some non-idealities is studied; then the developed probes are used to analyze different laser operating conditions, comparing the measurements in ex-vivo porcine livers with modeling expectations.