A Nonintrusive Nuclear Data Uncertainty Propagation Study for the ARC Fusion Reactor Design

It is widely recognized that the safe and robust design of a nuclear system requires an uncertainty propagation analysis concerning the various nuclear data used as input parameters, especially in view of the most recent design methodologies like the best-estimate plus uncertainty approach. The evaluation of the input uncertainties and their propagation to the design parameters of interest is particularly important in the case of nuclear fusion machines, such as the Affordable Robust Compact (ARC) reactor, which features the presence of uncommon isotopes in the nuclear engineering field, like fluorine, beryllium, and lithium. The uncertainties of the nuclear data of these nuclides can have a significant impact on the fundamental design parameters, such as the target tritium breeding ratio (TBR). Hence, in this work we investigate the application of different methods for propagating the nuclear data uncertainty to the parameters of interest, computed with the Serpent 2 Monte Carlo code. All the methods proposed in this work share the feature of being nonintrusive, implying that they can be profitably employed independently of the physical and/or computational model adopted.The methods discussed in this work are the fast Total Monte Carlo, the GRS, the unscented transform, and the polynomial chaos expansion. The first three methods led to similar values in terms of relative standard deviation of the TBR due to nuclear data and can be considered as fast alternatives to brute-force sampling methods. For these three methods, the present paper suggests how to select the best approach according to the kind of analysis to be performed and the nuclides considered in the study. The effect of the use of different nuclear data libraries and of different input covariance matrices is also examined. The main outcome of these analyses suggests that the uncertainties in the nuclear data of nickel, fluorine, beryllium, and lithium are sufficiently small (i.e., smaller than 1%) to prevent the TBR from assuming values below the design constraints. The overall uncertainty on the TBR of ARC due to the nuclides here considered was evaluated to be similar to 0.9%. Concerning the polynomial chaos expansion approach, this paper shows that its application is computationally inefficient compared to the other techniques when the input data dimensionality are very large, as for the case of nuclear data.