On preconditioning electromagnetic integral equations in the high frequency regime via helmholtz operators and quasi-helmholtz projectors

Fast and accurate resolution of electromagnetic problems via the boundary element method (BEM) is oftentimes challenged by conditioning issues occurring in three distinct regimes: (i) when the frequency decreases and the discretization density remains constant, (ii) when the frequency is kept constant while the discretization is refined and (iii) when the frequency increases along with the discretization density. While satisfactory remedies to the problems arising in regimes (i) and (ii), respectively based on Helmholtz decompositions and Calderon-like techniques have been presented, the last regime is still challenging. In fact, this last regime is plagued by both spurious resonances and ill-conditioning, the former can be tackled via combined field strategies and is not the topic of this work. In this contribution new symmetric scalar and vectorial electric type formulations that remain well-conditioned in all of the aforementioned regimes and that do not require barycentric discretization of the dense electromagnetic potential operators are presented along with a spherical harmonics analysis illustrating their key properties.