Definition of out-of-plane fragility curves for masonry infills subject to combined in-plane and out-of-plane damage

The paper presents the outcomes of a probabilistic assessment framework aimed at defining out-of-plane fragility curves of unreinforced masonry infills walls which have been subjected (or not) prior in-plane damage. A recently developed in-plane (IP)/out-of-plane (OOP) four-strut macro-element model is used to model masonry infills within frames. Out-of-plane incremental dynamic analyses are performed, for a reference infilled frame, based on a suite of 26 ground motion record selection. Peak ground acceleration (PGA) and OOP relative displacement of the midspan node of the infill, are used as intensity measure and damage measure. The outcomes show fragility curves representing the probability of exceeding out-of-plane collapse at a given earthquake intensity as a function of a different combination of geometrical and mechanical parameters, in-plane damage level and supporting conditions. Results are finally summarized by curves relating in-plane interstorey drifts and out-of-plane average collapse PGA