Graphene based voltage controlled frequency reconfigurable antennas

Graphene based frequency reconfigurable antennas with different configurations are compared. Each antenna is composed of an inset-fed rectangular patch connected to one, two or three shorted stubs via graphene nanoplatelets. The reactance at the radiating edge of the patch is varied by varying the graphene resistance inducing a shift in the resonant frequency. The graphene resistance is varied by applying a DC voltage between the feed line and the ground plane. Increasing the number of stubs increases the variation of reactance causing an increase of the frequency shift. The designs are validated by simulations and measurements. For the antenna with two stubs there is a frequency shift of 300 MHz while no significant impact of the stubs is noticed on the radiation pattern of the antennas.