Coupling Latency-Insensitivity with Variable-Latency for Better Than Worst Case Design: A RISC Case Study

The gap between worst and typical case delays is bound to increase in nanometer scale technologies due to the spread in process manufacturing parameters. To still profit from scaling, designs should tolerate worst case delays seamlessly and with a minimum performance degradation with respect to the typical case. We present a simple RISC core which tolerates worst case extra latency using the Latency-Insensitive Design approach coupled to a Variable-Latency mechanism. Stalls caused by excessive delay, by data and control hazards and by late memory access are dealt with in a uniform way. Compared to a pure worst-case approach, our design method permits to increase the core clock frequency by 23% in a 45 nm CMOS technology, without area and power penalty.