Resilience-oriented scheduling and evaluation of multi-energy complementary systems under extreme heat

Extreme heat concurrently increases temperature-sensitive demand, reduces generation efficiency, and derates line capacity and transformer loadability, placing multi-energy complementary systems (MECS) under heightened operational stress. This paper develops a heat-aware resilient scheduling framework that incorporates temperature-driven load growth, photovoltaic and thermal efficiency degradation, and line/transformer capacity derating into the dispatch model; couples a vulnerability-weighted graded load-shedding scheme guided by node power-flow betweenness with incentive-based demand response to protect critical nodes and essential loads; and evaluates system resilience using a Combined Analytic Hierarchy Process–Entropy Resilience Evaluation (CAHP–ERE) method. On a modified IEEE 30-bus test system with 96 intraday intervals, enabling demand response in Scenario 5 reduces direct load shedding from 1059 MWh to 559 MWh and increases the resilience index from 0.20 to 0.43 relative to Scenario 4, indicating improved operational security under concurrent extreme heat and power shortage.