Sustainable multifunctional 3D printable eutectogels from biomass polymers for transient electronics and self-powered wearable devices

The rapid expansion of interconnected electronic systems poses increasing challenges to environmental sustainability, motivating the development of functional materials that combine high performance with end-of-life degradability. Here, we report a class of multifunctional eutectogels derived from biomass polymers, designed as versatile materials for sustainable transient electronics. These materials exhibit a unique combination of mechanical robustness, high flexibility, and long-term electrical stability, maintaining performance over three months under ambient conditions. The eutectogels display intrinsic antifreezing behaviour down to −50 °C and excellent skin compatibility, while undergoing visual soil degradation within seven weeks, demonstrating their suitability for environmentally benign applications. Their inherent ionic conductivity enables multimodal sensing capabilities, including strain sensing with a gauge factor of 1.6 and a detection limit of 0.06%, as well as reliable temperature and humidity monitoring. The materials are fully compatible with 3D printing techniques, enabling precise control over device architecture, mechanical compliance, and pressure-sensing performance. Beyond sensing, the eutectogels function as low-impact solid electrolytes in flexible supercapacitors, supporting stable operation over more than 5.000 charge–discharge cycles and enabling supercapacitor-integrated self-powered wearable systems. The combination of functional versatility and favourable environmental performance in a hypothetic industrial-scale life-cycle assessment (LCA) positions these eutectogels as promising material platform for next-generation sustainable transient electronics.