Socio-Technical Interpretation of Learning Factories for Production and Logistics: A Systematic Literature Review

Learning Factories (LFs) are increasingly recognized as relevant environ-ments for supporting industrial transformation. However, their role in the transition toward Industry 5.0 remains fragmented in the literature. This pa-per presents a Systematic Literature Review aimed at interpreting the LF lit-erature through a socio-technical lens in the context of production and logis-tics processes. The study covers LF functional scopes, teaching contents, technological configuration, and product lifecycle phases addressed. The re-sults show that LFs can be understood as infrastructures that integrate both technical and organizational capabilities supporting education, workforce skill development, and research through a combination of physical and digi-tal technologies. Moreover, the review uncovers an imbalance in the opera-tional scope of LFs. While they are mature environments for learning and experimenting with manufacturing systems, the integration of logistics pro-cesses remains limited and often confined to complementary modules. From an Industry 5.0 perspective, the literature suggests that LFs are increasingly relevant for human-centric, sustainable, and resilient operations, although these dimensions are still unevenly embedded in LF design. The paper con-tributes to the literature by indicating how LFs should evolve from predomi-nantly production-focused environments toward more supply chain-oriented infrastructures, in line with an Industry 5.0 perspective that combines tech-nological progress with greater attention to human and organizational di-mensions.