Buckling and Strength Performance of CFS Back-to-Back Folded-Flange Beams: A Numerical Study

Growing global challenges and the escalating urgency of climate change have intensified the demand for structural systems that are both efficient and sustainable. Within this context, Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) has gained prominence due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, manufacturing efficiency, and inherent recyclability, positioning it as a compelling alternative to traditional construction materials. Among the emerging innovations in CFS design is the use of Folded-Flange Beams (FFBs) in moment-resisting beam-column connections. It is a potential application that offers promising structural advantages but remains insufficiently explored due to limited experimental evidence. This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation into the flexural behaviour, strength, and stability of CFS FFBs. The research addresses a critical gap in current knowledge by providing an insight about the structural response of FFBs and identifying their dominant strength and deformation characteristics. By expanding the limited database on CFS beam systems, this study contributes essential evidence supporting the integration of Folded-Flange Beams into modern moment-resisting structures. The outcomes not only enhance understanding of their structural feasibility but also reinforce their potential role in promoting resource-efficient and environmentally responsible building solutions