A study on large electric vehicle fires in a tunnel

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) reduce local emissions compared to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), which release harmful pollutants like CO₂ and CO. However, BEV accidents, particularly involving heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), can lead to thermal runaway, causing intense fires with high heat, smoke, and health risks. This study uses FDS and Pyrosim to assess the impact of large BEV fires in road tunnels and compares them to ICEV fires in terms of thermal and toxic effects. It also evaluates how longitudinal ventilation can improve safety by controlling smoke during BEV fires.