Blockchain-enabled bridge monitoring and maintenance

The continuous digitalization of bridge monitoring systems has generated massive volumes of data, requiring secure, transparent, and verifiable mechanisms for their management and certification. This work explores the integration of blockchain technology into Structural Health Monitoring frameworks to enhance data reliability, traceability, and long-term sustainability in bridge management. A decentralized architecture is proposed that leverages public and immutable technologies to create a transparent and verifiable execution pipeline. Sensor data is stored on the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), a peer-to-peer system that assigns each file a unique and immutable content identifier (CID). The algorithm can be executed using two different approaches: Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) and Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP), analyzing their differences and use cases. The system aims to guarantee the authenticity and integrity of sensor data throughout the life cycle of the infrastructure, enabling automated maintenance actions and auditable decision-making processes through smart contracts. Beyond data certification, the approach supports the creation of a verifiable digital twin environment, where AI-driven diagnostics can be securely traced and validated. The proposed framework represents a step toward integrating advanced digital technologies within bridge management systems, providing a scalable and sustainable solution for resilient transport infrastructures.