A Full Physical Strategy for Electrical Contacts on Laser‐Induced Graphene (LIG) Electrodes

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has emerged as a highly promising material for energy storage devices due to its excellent electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, and compatibility with flexible substrates. Despite these advantages, one of the main challenges in implementing LIG-based electrodes is achieving a stable and efficient electrical connection with metallic current collectors without compromising the intrinsic properties of the material. In this study, we investigate a combination of physical approaches to establish a reliable and robust electrical bond between LIG and metal current collectors while avoiding chemical treatments, conductive adhesives, or binders. Electrode fabrication is performed using physical vapor deposition (PVD) and laser processing techniques, which provide precise control over both metallic layer deposition and LIG formation. These methods enable straightforward customization of electrode architectures for applications, including symmetric and hybrid energy storage devices. Furthermore, fast and selective laser treatments are adopted to enhance the mechanical integrity and long-term stability of the electrode interfaces. Our results demonstrate a contact resistance as low as 1.3 Ω at the LIG-gold interface without the use of binders or additional conductive agents. The proposed fabrication strategy improves electrical performance while simplifying the overall manufacturing process. By minimizing complex chemical procedures, it enables scalability