Metodología para evaluar el desempeño en economía circular en el reciclaje de PET en Cuba / (Methodology for evaluating performance in the circular economy in PET recycling in Cuba)

Plastics, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), generate negative effects on society, the environment, and the economy, imposing externalities and additional costs. In this context, the circular economy uses a systemic approach to maintain the circular flow of resources through recovery, retention, or value addition. Its implementation is a priority in the management and recycling of this resource; however, there are methodological gaps. The sequence of operations for PET recycling in Cuba includes the supply chain and a mechanical recycling plant, the only one of its kind. The objective was to develop a methodological tool to evaluate and improve circular economy performance in PET recycling. Its central axis is the eight steps in solving a problem. Elements of existing methodologies were incorporated and were strengthened with methodological contributions such as the process approach, the use of Six Sigma (6σ) tools, circularity assessment, environmental impact assessment, and the technical, economic, environmental, and social pre-feasibility study of a corrective action plan and continuous improvement opportunities. The tools are used under the principle of methodological convergence. From the methodological dimension, a relevant and viable tool is derived, and the practical dimension is materialized through the technical, economic, environmental, and social benefits of implementing the action plan. It can be generalized to the country’s business organizations, particularly in the process industry.