Techniques for quarrying dimension stones through the controlled use of explosives

Explosives are a traditional, cost-effective method for extracting hard stones but are very seldom adopted in marble quarrying due to low efficiency and rock damage. ‘Splitting’ applies controlled blasting and precision drilling to detach large stone blocks with minimal fractures. This is achieved through precisely aligned drill holes, simultaneous detonation, and reduced charge density to guide fractures according to the wanted geometry. The technique requires careful execution, especially in anisotropic rock, where precise charge placement is crucial to maintaining block integrity. The paper reviews various implementation strategies in Italian quarries, examining geometric configurations, rock properties, and calculation methods to optimise efficiency and precision. It addresses challenges posed by different rock types and quarry layouts, offering practical solutions to improve splitting operations.