Optimal Operation of a Smart Electrified Traction System: A Review

Smart Electrified Traction Systems (SETS) ma: play a pivotal role towards the decarbonization of the transpor sector and the integration of renewable energy sources. For thi reason, the paper proposes an up-to-date state of the art revier of the main configurations, operational schemes and flexibl assets forming these networks. Also, the intrinsic flexibility 0 these tractions systems calls for the optimal management of th assets in order to minimize the operational costs. This pape also reviews the main formulations of customized optimal powe flow problems, which incorporate the intrinsic features of thes networks. The critical analysis focuses on the reformulation techniques or algorithms adopted to overcome non-linear an non-convex constraints, typical of optimal power flow problems.