Industry 4.0 enablers in food industry: a framework based on stakeholder challenges in quality and sustainability

Purpose – Digital transformation is a key driver for promoting circular economy practices in organizations. This study examines emerging challenges faced by food industry companies, including manufacturers, machinery producers, and packaging suppliers, across the product lifecycle, with a focus on sustainability and quality management. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed-method approach was adopted. First, a systematic literature review to identify relevant Industry 4.0 enablers was performed. Second, semi-structured interviews were conducted under a common protocol with a cross-section of senior practitioners from diverse firms along the food supply chain. The Gioia method and structured assessments were used to analyse interviews and develop a framework linking Industry 4.0 technologies to sustainability and quality challenges in the food sector. Findings – The study identifies sustainability and quality management challenges across different product lifecycle stages. The proposed framework connects these challenges with Industry 4.0 enablers, demonstrating how digital transformation enhances circular economy practices, operational efficiency, resilience and competitive advantage. Originality/value – This research develops an integrative framework that combines sustainability, quality challenges and digital transformation in the food industry. It offers practical guidance for decision-makers on adopting Industry 4.0 enablers to drive sustainability and quality improvements while advancing circular economy objectives.