Investigation on digital twin model of 3x3 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer mesh

A physics-based digital twin model of a 3-by-3 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) mesh is established by interpolating the experimental data with an accurate mathe- matical representation, then utilized to investigate the wideband capabilities of the device to implement programmable logic functions. Most of the evaluated functions perform correctly over a broad wavelength range (1524 nm – 1568 nm) under the voltage configuration determined at 1550 nm. The findings showcase the potential of digital twin model in Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) design, allowing novel designs in photonic computing and telecommunication applications.