Development of middle-contact three-terminal perovskite/silicon tandems

A middle-contact three terminal architecture could pave the way for cost-effective and high energy yield perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, it poses challenges because of the potential reduction in active area and the need for a highly transparent and conductive middle electrode, and smooth and defect free perovskite films. We present the development of such tandems, focusing on the perovskite composition and the optimization of the interfacial electrode layer in terms of electrical and optical properties and fabrication. The use of overlapping layouts for front and middle contact grids, as customary in microelectronics, is anticipated to conserve the active area.