A Methodological Approach to Circular Design Strategies Based on Life Cycle Assessment for a Velomobile Production

Transportation significantly contributes to environmental issues, with light-duty vehicles in the European Union responsible for approximately 10% of total energy consumption and air emissions. This recognition has sparked increased interest in alternative vehicles for shorter mobility. Human-powered options, such as cargo-bikes and velomobiles, display minimal environmental impact during use due to their typically shorter trip range and because a significant portion of the power is human-based, even with electric assistance. To further enhance the sustainability of these alternatives, this paper introduces a systematic approach based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), with a specific focus on the production stage of velomobiles. While the use phase often garners attention for its environmental implications, addressing the production stage is crucial for optimizing the velomobile design and ensuring a truly sustainable life cycle. This preliminary study, based on data publicly disclosed concerning a real velomobile presently in the latest production stages, facilitates the identification of major environmental hot spots during the production, guiding the development of targeted circular design strategies. The manufacturers also published a simplified LCA study, carried out with a single end-point indicator. The current study, on the other hand, is performed at the midpoint, to assess with more precision the actual impact of each of the production phases. By pinpointing specific areas for improvement, this approach aims to refine the environmental profile of velomobiles. Emphasizing a holistic perspective, the paper contributes to advancing sustainable transportation solutions, aligning with the growing interest in environmentally friendly alternatives for short-distance travel. The insights derived from this research not only enhance the design of velomobiles but also provide valuable knowledge for developing more sustainable practices in the broader context of urban mobility.