Optimal Energy Management of a Utility-Scale Battery Energy Storage System Integrated with a Photovoltaic Power Plant Considering Battery Degradation

Grid-scale energy storage systems are becoming an essential element to effectively support the rapid increased use of renewable energy sources in the power network. An energy management system (EMS) is essential to optimize the energy dispatching operations by controlling the operating point of each of the system components. The present work proposes an optimal scheduling for an EMS of a utility-scale photovoltaic power plant (PV) coupled with a battery energy storage system (BESS). The EMS model is based on a computationally efficient optimization logic formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem. In the proposed case study, PV hourly generation data and historical electricity market prices from the CAISO electricity market in the United States, California, are used as input. The achievable profit from energy arbitrage of PV plus BESS systems is determined considering the impact of battery degradation.