How biomethane can contribute to transport decarbonization in the eu: future scenarios comparing applications and countries

The decarbonization of the European energy system requires an important scale-up of low-carbon technologies. The transport sector is among the most difficult to decarbonize, as CO2 emissions have decreased much less than for industry, buildings and power generation. While in many transport applications direct electrification appears to be a viable and effective option, for other segments other technologies could provide specific advantages. This paper will discuss the potential contribution of biomethane in decreasing transport emissions in Europe, comparing transport modes, feedstock for biomethane production and distribution options. The aim of the research is to highlight the main parameters affecting emission savings and support researchers and policymakers in defining priorities for the use of biomethane in transport. Our results show that in the current European context, each billion cubic meters of biomethane could contribute to 1.8-2.6 million tonnes of CO2e savings in a well-to-wheel perspective, depending on the transport mode that is considered. These emission savings could increase to 1.9-2.8 Mt per bcm in 2030, thanks to the expected carbon intensity reduction of the electricity that is used in the production of biomethane.