Interdisciplinary results of an Italian research project on methane recovery and carbon dioxide storage in natural gas hydrate reservoirs

Natural gas hydrates (NGH) are found in marine sediments on continental and island slopes, in deep-water sediments of lakes and seas inland, and in polar sediment on continents and continental shelves. NGH constitute the biggest hydrocarbon resources on earth, representing a reservoir of sustainable fuel, thanks to the possibility of the so-called CO2-CH4 replacement process. If CO2 is injected into NGH sediments, it causes CH4 release and CO2 hydrate formation. The extraction of gas from NGH, combined with carbon capture, presents significant potential advantages in energy infrastructure and in various economic and political contexts, aligning with future green policies. This paper contributes to the advancement of knowledge by reviewing the findings of a three-year Italian research project focused on methane recovery and carbon dioxide disposal in NGH. The consortium comprises seven multidisciplinary italian partners. The paper introduces a novel process wherein the CO2-CH4 replacement process is integrated