Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Mitigation of Landing Gear Noise Using Diamond Lattice Fairings

Two passive add-on porous fairings, comprised of diamond grids varying in size, are numerically and experimentally investigated for their effectiveness in mitigating landing gear noise. The baseline landing gear, a modified version of the LAGOON landing gear with its inner rim cavities closed, along with two configurations equipped with diamond-lattice fairings, are numerically simulated using the Improved Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulation (IDDES) in combination with the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) analogy. Instead of resolving the detailed flow features through the diamond-lattice fairings, a numerical model is employed to represent the effect of fairing. Prior to integrating the numerical model into the simulations of landing gears, rigorous validation of the model against experimental data in a channel flow is performed. Subsequently, the predicted flow fields and far-field noise spectra of the baseline and controlled landing gears are validated against the experiments conducted in the anechoic A-Tunnel at Delft University of Technology. The results indicate that implementing a diamond-lattice fairing upstream of the landing gear can effectively diminish far-field noise in the frequency range exceeding 200 Hz. For the baseline landing gear, the torque link and brakes are potent noise sources. For the controlled landing gears, both diamond-lattice fairings mitigate the pressure fluctuations on the torque link and brakes, leading to a reduction of surface noise sources. The noise directivity shows that the DL 4.5mm fairing produces a noise reduction of 2-6 dB whereas the DL 2.5mm fairing generates a noise reduction of 3-7 dB across all radial directions. These findings pave the way for the low-noise design of aircraft landing gears.