Exploring the effects of transport automation and digitalization on the labor force: Insights from stakeholders across all transport sectors

Automation in transport and digitalization will affect both transport users and its workforce. Focusing on the latter, this paper aims at analyzing barriers, gaps, opportunities, and success and failure factors of transport automation on the labor force, through the perceptions and contributions of employees and employers, as well as of stakeholders from the private, public, and private public sectors. This has been achieved through input derived from the organization of five focus groups, one poll and one extensive questionnaire survey questionnaire administered to the participants of the 2nd WE-TRANSFORM EU H2020 funded project Workshop and to project partners’ stakeholder contacts. The analysis of the results indicated that the transport sector’s automation has been evolving at a different pace per sector. An interesting conclusion is that any challenges do not concern all categories among the workforce in the same way. Challenges related to loss of jobs and related repercussions are bound to affect groups within the workforce which may be constrained by regulatory age limits, or vulnerable, if in part-time employment without access to retraining which may be the case of workforce members near retirement age or of women limited due to family obligations to part time employment.