Relative dynamics of quantum vortices and massive cores in binary BECs

We study the motion of superfluid vortices with filled massive cores. Previous point-vortex models already pointed out the impact of the core mass on the vortex dynamical properties, but relied on an assumption that is questionable in many physical systems where the immiscibility condition is barely satisfied: the fact that the massive core always lays at the very bottom of the effective confining potential constituted by the hosting vortex. Here, we relax this assumption and present a new point-vortex model where quantum vortices are harmonically coupled to their massive cores. We thoroughly explore the new dynamical regimes offered by this improved model; we then show that the functional dependence of the system normal modes on the microscopic parameters can be correctly interpreted only within this new generalized framework. Our predictions are benchmarked against the numerical simulations of coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations for a realistic mixture of atomic Bose–Einstein condensates.