E-scooter Modelling: Battery and Fuel Cell System Integration

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the integration of a fuel cell system to the electric traction line of the commercial e-scooter “Ninebot E25E”. Two configurations models: pure battery standard and hybrid fuel cell+battery have been developed using MATLAB/Simulink. In addition, three energetic models have been developed to evaluate: power and torque requested by the e-scooter during a standard mission profile in the urban city; voltage and current requested to the battery and fuel cell; inverter control strategy+electric motor phases voltage and current. The hybrid configuration ensures increased autonomy compared to the pure battery configuration and reduce the oscillations of current request to the battery and therefore could reduce the battery degradation issue.