Graphene tunability at microwave frequency

Graphene is the most notable among carbon-based materials and it has been greatly studied. One of the most important properties of graphene is its tunable conductivity. The electron mobility of graphene is varied by a DC voltage causing a change in its electrical conductivity. The variation of the electrical conductivity is valid over a large frequency band from DC up to millimeter waves. It makes graphene suitable for a wide range of different applications. The electrical conductivity of multilayered graphene just like monolayer graphene can be tuned by the help of a DC bias voltage. Several tunable passive microwave components were designed based on lab grown multilayered graphene. Recently commercial graphene was used to design microwave tunable attenuators, phase shifters and reconfigurable antennas.