Multi-dimensional models for the global-local analysis of smart layered structures

The present paper presents a multidimensional model for the global-local analysis of smart layered structures. The use of the Carrera Unified Formulation has lead to a general framework for the development of one-, two- and three-dimensional models. The use of the node-dependent kinematic approach makes it possible to easily connect elements with incompatible kinematics, that is, refined kinematic elements can be connected with classical elements without the need of ad hoc connection strategies. The capabilities of this numerical model have been exploited to develop enhanced global-local models for smart layered structures where high-fidelity models are used only in those areas where complex phenomena appear, e.g. around a piezo-patch. The results show the accuracy and efficiency of the present approach and make it suitable for future applications in the design of smart structures.