Local refinement of classical FEM solution using node-dependent kinematics elements

This work proposes a global-to-local approach able to refine locally the global solution obtained using the classical FEM models. The local refinement has been obtained using a new-generation of finite elements with node-dependent kinematics capabilities.These elements may use different kinematic approximations at each node, in this way, the connection between the global solution and the local model can be obtained without the use of interface elements or other dedicated techniques. Using the present approach refined kinematic models, e.g. layer-wise models, can be used only in those elements where an accurate description of the stress field is required.