Indoor positioning using Ultra-wide band (UWB) technologies: Positioning accuracies and sensors' performances

Positioning in indoor environment is one of the most important and interesting topic in navigation system that still present numerous open problems to investigate. Many researchers are attempting to investigate on technologies able to reach valid location in an indoor space, where the well-known GNSS positioning systems are not able to operate. Among the many solutions proposed for location-based services, several wireless communications technologies have the potential to be employed for indoor positioning. In this paper, an Ultrawideband (UWB) indoor positioning commercial system is presented which exploits two-way time of flight (TWTF) to compute range measurements. These measurements are used in multi-lateration method to compute the position of a trans-receiver (TAG). Firstly, the calibration results have been shown, comparing the internal IMU sensor of UWB system with a mass-market one, using the angles measured thanks to the total station as reference. Secondly, we also have statically analysed the positioning and the ranging capabilities of the system in a favourable environment, as an indoor office room. The average 3D accuracy obtained from the test is 100 ± 25mm. Also the ranging measurements has been analysed as the raw data from which the Pozyx® inner algorithm starts to compute the positions. It has been demonstrated that the range accuracy is about 320 ± 30mm. After these first tests, the system has also been tested in a harsh environment in a narrow corridor where a horizontal accuracy of about 87.4 mm is obtained with a maximum ranging error of ±225 mm. The system and algorithms tested in this report gave almost similar performances in both environments.