Analysis of antennas for underwater applications

Underwater Communication has a wide range of applications. In the case of a short-range communication system, the use of electromagnetic waves has been recently proposed as an alternative to the mostly used acoustic waves. The design of the antennas to be used for underwater communication is strongly influenced by the electromagnetic properties of the water and therefore, after its design but before its experimental characterization, it is necessary to perform an accurate numerical analysis of its behavior. As a proof-of concept, here the results obtained with the full-wave numerical analysis of antennas designed for an underwater communication system between scuba divers are illustrated, considering two types of realistic water enviroment: seawater and freshwater.