DETERMINE: A multiphase iterative meta-framework for teaching sustainable spatial planning of tourism destinations

In the debate on the negative consequences of tourism, sustainable spatial planning of tourism destinations represents an ideal context for designing, testing, and refining educational approaches aimed at achieving effective learning outcomes. For this purpose, we conceived DETERMINE, a multiphase iterative meta-framework involving the selection, design and redesign (brainstorming), testing (study visits), evaluation, and incremental refinement (focus groups) of both pedagogical methods structuring the educational process and planning methods taught. The results reveal the importance of iterative processes in refining planning education and indicate the open-ended potential for further methodological consolidation and integration across diverse educational and spatial contexts.