Analysis of Cultural Landscape Evolution Process and Preliminary Exploration of Conservation Strategies in Representative Areas of the Helan Mountain

The Helan Mountain, as a convergence zone of ecology and culture in Northwestern China, reflect the dynamic interaction between nature and humanity through the spatiotemporal layering of its cultural landscape, and holds significant academic value and practical significance. This study systematically analyzes the diachronic evolutionary characteristics of the Helan Mountain cultural landscape based on historical layering processes. It covers prehistoric rock art, military and religious relics from the Qin-Han to Sui-Tang periods, the Western Xia royal tombs, and the Ming-Qing Great Wall defense system, revealing the dynamic mechanisms of “nature-culture” coevolution. The study finds that the core features of the Helan Mountain cultural landscape are characterized by the integration of multiple ethnic groups and the coexistence of diverse beliefs. It has both military-political defense and ecological adaptation layered attributes. Its value is reflected not only in the diversity of material remains but also in the living traditions of its intangible cultural landscape. In response to current challenges such as natural erosion, human activity interference, fragmented management systems, and insufficient community participation, the paper proposes a set of systematic strategies including regional coordination, scientific restoration, community engagement, sustainable tourism development, and technological innovation. The aim is to provide scientific support for the construction of the Helan Mountain National Park and promote the sustainable development of cultural heritage and the surrounding environment.