Hydrophobic and icephobic epoxy coatings containing silane agents and functional additives

Ice accumulation on aircraft surfaces severely affects aerodynamic performance by increasing drag and reducing lift, leading to stall conditions. Conventional thermal and pneumatic anti-/de-icing systems, although widely used, have some disadvantages, including high cost, inefficiency, and environmental unsustainability. Hydrophobic and icephobic coatings have emerged as a promising alternative to reduce ice adhesion and delay ice formation. This paper reviews the use of silane agents in epoxy-based coatings, incorporating functional additives such as natural fibers, quantum dots, and nanoparticles, to enhance hydrophobicity. Results demonstrated that the combination of silanes and functional additives affects surface features and wettability, improving hydrophobicity. These case studies show the potential of this approach in the development of coatings for advanced aircraft ice-protection applications.