EarthCARE Cloud Profiling Radar observations of the vertical structure of marine stratocumulus clouds

Launched in May 2024, the EarthCARE Cloud Profiling Radar (EC-CPR) provides enhanced sensitivity, finer horizontal resolution, finer vertical sampling and greatly reduced surface clutter contamination compared to its predecessor, the CloudSat's CPR (CS-CPR). These improvements enable more accurate detection and characterization of the vertical structure of marine low-level clouds. This study presents the first year of EC-CPR observations of stratocumulus (Sc) clouds over the Southeast Pacific and Southeast Atlantic Oceans. The analysis of EC-CPR clear-sky profiles and comparisons with airborne radar data confirm that surface clutter is effectively suppressed above 0.5 km. Comparisons with CS-CPR data from 2007–2008 show that EC-CPR detects nearly double the Sc amount relative to CS-CPR in the regions of study. When a columnar maximum reflectivity (ZMAX) threshold of −15 dBZ is used to flag raining profiles, CS-CPR is found to underestimate rainfall occurrence by ∼ 20 % for ZMAX located between 500 and 750 m above the surface. Using a steady-state one-dimensional drizzle model, the impact of the point target response (PTR) on EC-CPR reflectivity profiles in Sc clouds is examined. PTR causes vertical stretching of radar-detected cloud boundaries, resulting in an overestimation of cloud thickness by approximately 0.4–0.5 km in drizzling clouds. Additionally, PTR induces parabolic shaping of reflectivity profiles regardless of drizzle presence, complicating the distinction between drizzle-free and drizzle-containing clouds. These findings underscore the need for cautious interpretation of radar reflectivity profiles and suggest the incorporation of additional constraints, such as Doppler velocity and path-integrated attenuation to improve future drizzle detection strategies.