Is the 15-Minute City Really and Fairly Accessible to the Elderly? Some Evidence from the City of Lisbon, Portugal

The 15-minute city is receiving increasing attention as a model for designing urban settlements that are not only environmentally friendly and livable, but also socially inclusive. The article adopts a demographic-spatial justice perspective to compare levels of walking accessibility to fourteen essential neighborhood services within 5, 10 and 15 minutes in the Portuguese city of Lisbon for two different demographic groups, people aged 15-64 and those over 64. The analysis reveals significant spatial iniquities in these accessibility levels between the two groups, as shown by the Gini coefficient, due to their different walking speeds