Poland as an arena of tensions between the implementation of spatial planning objectives and the influence of market forces

The article refers to the existing literature on the classification of European spatial governance and planning (henceforth spatial planning) systems, with particular emphasis on the role of the state in shaping spatial development. Drawing on earlier comparative contributions, the authors aim to provide a more in-depth analysis of the Polish system as a case study. In this system, the state theoretically possesses legal instruments enabling it to influence spatial development; however, in practice, market forces exert a significantly stronger impact. The article offers a broader characterization of this case, also referring to the most recent amendments to planning legislation. On the basis of this analysis, wider conclusions may be drawn for comparative debates on planning systems. In this context, diverse factors shaping the interpretation of planning law play an important role, including political traditions, societal attitudes towards property rights and the prevailing planning culture.