Archivio Istituzionale della RicercaThermal management is vital for the performance, safety, and longevity of heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). This study evaluates phase change materials (PCMs) for passive battery thermal management, identifying n-octadecane as the best commercial option due to its 25–32 °C melting range, high latent heat (222.2 J/g), and stability. Tests using a thermal energy storage (TES) setup showed conduction-dominated heat transfer when solid and convection-enhanced transfer when liquid. Higher heat-transfer-fluid (HTF) flow rates had little effect on charge/discharge time but significantly increased TES thermal power, reaching a ratio of 56 at 3 L/min—3.5× higher than without PCM. Integrating PCM boosted gravimetric specific power to 0.056 kW/kg (3.5× improvement) and volumetric specific power to ~68 kW/m³ (6× improvement). Overall, PCM-integrated TES modules show strong potential for scalable HDV battery or cabin cooling solutions.
Assessment of phase change materials for thermal energy storage in battery systems for heavy-duty vehicle applications / Revello, Elisa; Dixit, Prakhar; Turunen, Konsta; Santasalo-Aarnio, Annukka; Monteverde, Alessandro Hugo Antonio. - In: ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT. - ISSN 1879-2227. - 349:(2026), pp. 1-14. [10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120816]
Assessment of phase change materials for thermal energy storage in battery systems for heavy-duty vehicle applications
Elisa Revello;Alessandro Hugo Antonio Monteverde
2026
Abstract
Thermal management is vital for the performance, safety, and longevity of heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). This study evaluates phase change materials (PCMs) for passive battery thermal management, identifying n-octadecane as the best commercial option due to its 25–32 °C melting range, high latent heat (222.2 J/g), and stability. Tests using a thermal energy storage (TES) setup showed conduction-dominated heat transfer when solid and convection-enhanced transfer when liquid. Higher heat-transfer-fluid (HTF) flow rates had little effect on charge/discharge time but significantly increased TES thermal power, reaching a ratio of 56 at 3 L/min—3.5× higher than without PCM. Integrating PCM boosted gravimetric specific power to 0.056 kW/kg (3.5× improvement) and volumetric specific power to ~68 kW/m³ (6× improvement). Overall, PCM-integrated TES modules show strong potential for scalable HDV battery or cabin cooling solutions.
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https://hdl.handle.net/11583/3005578