Preliminary Thermo-Mechanical Evaluation of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Structural Monitoring: Toward Application in Generation IV Nuclear Reactors

The performance and longevity of next-generation nuclear reactors depend on the implementation of sensing technologies able to withstand extreme conditions. This study evaluates the performance of femtosecond-laser-inscribed Fiber Bragg Grating (fs-FBG) sensors under simulated startup low-power conditions representative of newcleo’s Generation IV Lead-cooled Fast Reactors (LFRs). The primary goal of this preliminary test phase is to validate the suitability of fs-FBG sensors for high-temperature (300 °C) and mechanical stress (16–80 MPa cyclic tensile stress) monitoring, emphasizing their reliability and accuracy. The experimental campaign involved rigorous thermal and thermo-mechanical testing, conducted in compliance with ASTM standards, to assess key performance metrics such as linearity, repeatability, and precision. The results demonstrate that fs-FBG sensors deliver consistent and reliable measurements in extreme environments, with a temperature sensitivity of 12.62 pm/°C and a displacement sensitivity of 3.95 nm/mm. These findings provide a strong basis for the use of fs-FBG sensors in Generation IV nuclear reactors, highlighting their potential as advanced tools for structural health monitoring.