The Sustainability Dimension for Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF): Comparing Regional and International Approaches

The deployment of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) is central to decarbonizing aviation. However, diverse regulatory frameworks create complexity for SAF market deployment. Differing greenhouse gas (GHG)-reduction thresholds, feedstock eligibility rules and certification systems increase the compliance burden, especially for those operating across regional and international markets. This paper compares an example of regional approach (European) with the international ICAO sustainability certification. The comparison focuses on chain-of-custody models, substantiality principles, GHG accounting methodologies and approaches to ILUC. It highlights the need for harmonized GHG calculation rules, mutual recognition of certification schemes and interoperable traceability systems. Aligning these elements is critical for reducing administrative barriers, supporting market integration and enabling scalable SAF deployment. The analysis aims to assist policymakers, certifiers and producers in developing coordinated and transparent regulatory strategies.