How does greenspace-oriented development induce growth? The Case of Beijing

Concentrating urban densification around green spaces provides residents with numerous benefits, including ecosystem services like improved physical and mental health, mitigation of extreme heat events, enhanced biodiversity, and cleaner air. However, in the context of Greenspace-Oriented Development (GOD), it is still unclear whether and to what extent the construction of urban parks promotes land use densification. To address this issue, this study applies the Difference-in-Differences (DID) model combined with long-term, high-resolution remote sensing imagery to explore the spatiotemporal changes in development densities around four regional parks in Beijing, as well as the spatial heterogeneity of expansion intensity at different distance ranges. The results indicate that the spatial spillover effects of later-developed parks, such as Nanhaizi Country Park and Zhongguancun Forest Park, were significantly higher than those of earlier-developed parks like Olympic Park and Chaoyang Park. Park construction led to an increase in high-rise buildings with a clustering pattern, while low-rise buildings decreased and became more dispersed. Moreover, the expansion intensity around parks peaks in the 500–1000 m range rather than showing a simple inverse relationship with distance. This study helps to understand the spatial spillover effects and dynamic impacts of park construction on high-rise and low-rise buildings, providing theoretical foundations and policy recommendations for the coordinated development of parks and surrounding land use in the future.