Climate, Landscape and Bioclimatics: Dynamic Integrations and Changes

The landscape, as a synthesis of natural and cultural elements, is deeply influenced by climate, shaping its biological, geological, and anthropic characteristics. Climate change disrupts this balance, introducing new environmental risks and impacting sustainable architectural solutions. This paper explores climate as a defining factor in Mediterranean landscapes, analyzing its transformation through EUROCORDEX climate models and the Köppen-Geiger classification. A Python-based tool, developed within two EU-funded projects, calculates the local climate zones and evaluates the applicability of bioclimatic technologies using updated Givoni-Milne charts. The results reveal the shifting of climate zones, with warmer, drier conditions moving northward, affecting passive strategies such as solar gains, natural ventilation, and thermal mass. These findings provide insights for environmental designers, local authorities, and policymakers to optimize sustainable building practices in response to climate change, ensuring resilience in architectural design.