Elastic nonlinearity observed in consolidated granular media can be attributed to the combination of slow and fast effects, which give rise to hysteresis and relaxation of both modulus and damping after the sample is perturbed. A consequence is a high level of complexity in the measurements of the sample linear and nonlinear elastic parameters. The results of experiments are dependent on the experimental protocol that is adopted to measure the relevant quantities and it is hard to quantify parameters with accuracy and repeatability. Here we focus on examining Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy, showing experimentally the role of slow dynamics in the process and quantifying/discussing its influence on the quantification of nonlinearity. We also propose a model to describe the process, which shows that different contributions to nonlinearity (e.g., classical and hysteretic) could be due to physical features (defects) relaxing with different relaxation times.

The role of fast and slow dynamics in nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy of consolidated granular materials / Kober, Jan; Scalerandi, Marco; Tortello, Mauro; Ulrich, Timothy J.; Zeman, Radovan. - In: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS. - ISSN 2045-2322. - 15:1(2025). [10.1038/s41598-025-11854-6]

The role of fast and slow dynamics in nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy of consolidated granular materials

Scalerandi, Marco;Tortello, Mauro;
2025

Abstract

Elastic nonlinearity observed in consolidated granular media can be attributed to the combination of slow and fast effects, which give rise to hysteresis and relaxation of both modulus and damping after the sample is perturbed. A consequence is a high level of complexity in the measurements of the sample linear and nonlinear elastic parameters. The results of experiments are dependent on the experimental protocol that is adopted to measure the relevant quantities and it is hard to quantify parameters with accuracy and repeatability. Here we focus on examining Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy, showing experimentally the role of slow dynamics in the process and quantifying/discussing its influence on the quantification of nonlinearity. We also propose a model to describe the process, which shows that different contributions to nonlinearity (e.g., classical and hysteretic) could be due to physical features (defects) relaxing with different relaxation times.
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
SCIENTIFIC_REPORT__NRUS_2025.pdf

accesso aperto

Descrizione: PAPER PUBLISHED
Tipologia: 2a Post-print versione editoriale / Version of Record
Licenza: Creative commons
Dimensione 3.26 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
3.26 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri
Pubblicazioni consigliate

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11583/3002418