Isolated REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder—Is Screening Possible?

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterised by the loss of muscle atonia during REM sleep and dream-enacting behaviours. In its isolated form (iRBD) it is widely recognised as an early stage of alpha-synucleinopathies. Early identification of patients with iRBD allows for timely interventions, risk mitigation and potential inclusion in clinical trials aimed at disease modification. Effective screening tools, including questionnaires, automatic analyses of video-polysomnography, actigraphy, nearables and biological markers, can facilitate diagnosis and monitoring. Incorporating routine screening into clinical practice may enhance early detection and improve long-term patient outcomes. This manuscript presents the latest developments in screening tools for the identification of patients with iRBD and discusses their advantages and drawbacks, highlighting paths for future research and applications.